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Strategic Objective

Promote Pollution Prevention

Strategic Objective

Conserve and protect natural resources by promoting pollution prevention and the adoption of other sustainability practices by companies, communities, governmental organizations, and individuals.

Lead Office: Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention

Themes:

Natural Resources and Environment

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Overview
Progress Update
Related Goals

Overview

The 1990 Pollution Prevention Act established national policy for the use of P2 as the first choice in addressing pollution at the source. Time and experience have added to our understanding and appreciation of the value of preventing pollution before it occurs. P2 is central to all of EPA’s sustainability strategies, and EPA will continue to incorporate P2 principles into its policies, regulations, and actions.[1]

EPA strives to prevent pollution by fostering the development of P2 solutions and promoting increased use of those solutions. The results of these

Progress Update

With respect to fostering the development of new P2 solutions, significant accomplishments in FY 2014 included:

Recognizing the FY 2014 Presidential Green Chemistry Award winners, including an award-winning display and lighting technology that could significantly reduce cadmium and toxic solvents and save the equivalent electricity consumption of 50,000 average American homes a year (over 600 million kilowatt-hours).
Continuing to provide agency technical input for developing and promoting greener electronics and voluntary consensus standards for imaging equipment, televisions, computers, and servers, which will generate significant P2 results in future years as these products are purchased.

With respect to promoting increased use of P2 solutions, significant accomplishments in FY 2014 included:

Convening the Green Chemistry Roundtable with Presidential Green Chemistry Award winners and other stakeholders, intended to increase the market penetration of green chemistry solutions.

Engaging with stakeholders and the public on possible label options for a redesigned Design for the Environment (DfE) logo intended to increase consumer awareness of the benefits of labeled products as well as consumer purchasing of such products. Expanding to a total of 27 states the Economy, Energy, and Environment (E3) program, through which EPA collaborates with five other federal agencies, states, and local communities to connect respective programs to deliver responsive, coordinated solutions in a manufacturing environment. The E3 program focuses on strengthening small to medium-sized American manufacturers, which represent the largest proportion of the manufacturing sector, and helps boost local economies to achieve sustainability goals. Nearly 200 additional E3 assessments were conducted in FY 2014.

The P2 program produced significant environmental benefits in FY 2013, indicating that the program will be able to achieve the strategic targets for reducing water use, GHG emissions, and hazardous materials and for increasing cost savings through pollution prevention. Due to regular lags in the data needed determine performance results, the P2 program’s most currently available accomplishments associated with GPRA outcome measures are those achieved in FY 2013.

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Strategic Goals

Strategic Goal:

Ensuring the Safety of Chemicals and Preventing Pollution

Statement:

Reduce the risk and increase the safety of chemicals and prevent pollution at the source.

Strategic Objectives

Ensure Chemical Safety

Statement:

Reduce the risk and increase the safety of chemicals that enter our products, our environment, and our bodies.

Description:

Chemical safety remains one of EPA’s highest priorities. EPA employs a variety of strategies under several statutes to ensure the safety of chemicals, adequately protect against unreasonable public health or environmental risks, and foster sustainability. These include:

Acting under TSCA to ensure that new industrial and commercial chemicals do not pose unreasonable risk before they are introduced into commerce;
Assessing existing chemicals already in use before TSCA took effect (62,000 chemicals were already in use in commerce before 1978) and acting to reduce identified risks and to identify and promote safer alternatives;
Empowering the public and decision makers by making chemical safety information more widely available and usable;
Acting under the Federal Insecticide, Rodenticide, and Fungicide Act (FIFRA) and the Endangered Species Act to ensure that pesticides are used safely and effectively; and,
Developing and applying protocols to assess chemicals’ potential to interact with the endocrine system.

EPA uses predictive techniques to assess the safety of new chemicals in the face of information limitations imposed by TSCA. More daunting has been the challenge of assessing and acting where needed on the more than 60,000 existing chemicals “grandfathered” under the statute.[1] On that front, the Agency has made considerable progress in recent years, working in cooperation with stakeholders by using all available information to put these chemicals through a prioritization methodology. This effort led to the identification of a set of more than 80 chemicals (TSCA work plan chemicals) for further assessment. EPA believes that these are the chemicals most in need of risk assessment and that adequate data exist for that purpose. The first five risk assessments for TSCA work plan chemicals were made available by EPA for public and peer review less than a year after they were publicly identified for assessment. Assessments of 23 additional chemicals—including 20 flame retardants—were announced in 2013. Looking forward, EPA plans to assess all of the remaining work plan chemicals to initiate risk management actions as appropriate, and identify additional work plan chemicals for subsequent priority assessment. EPA is establishing an FY 2014-2015 Agency Priority Goal for this effort.[2]

Recognizing the crucial role that the public, state, tribal, and local partners, institutions, and industry play in ensuring chemical safety, EPA has expanded web access to the Agency’s chemical information and assessment tools, with a focus on identifying safer chemicals. At the same time, two newly developed electronic tools will greatly improve data quality and public accessibility. These are the Chemical Information System (CIS), which will speed the Agency’s transition to electronic reporting and processing for required chemical safety information, and the interactive ChemView Portal, which will enable both internal and external users to access TSCA chemical data stored in EPA systems quickly and easily. Planned enhancements to CIS will extend electronic reporting to nearly all required TSCA submissions and integrate the system with scientific tools, dashboards, and models used in making chemical management decisions. In addition, EPA is working to expand the ChemView Portal to further broaden public access to TSCA chemical information, and has plans to enable faster, automated posting of non-confidential TSCA data to EPA’s public websites. These electronic tools are components of the Agency’s Next Generation Compliance initiative, aimed at designing more effective regulations that are easier to implement for improving compliance and environmental outcomes throughout the life cycle of hazardous materials; shifting toward electronic reporting by regulated entities to ensure more accurate, complete, and timely information; and expanding transparency.

EPA will make major strides in guarding against exposure to chemicals that continue to pose potential risks to human health and the environment even after their hazards have been identified and certain uses have been phased out. For example, to continue to reduce childhood blood lead levels, EPA is working in partnership with states and tribes to certify hundreds of thousands of renovators and contractors on lead hazard management. More than 461,000 individuals have been certified by EPA alone, and nearly 130,000 firms have been certified by EPA and the states through April 2013. Certification coupled with public outreach is intended to expand public awareness of lead-based paint risks as well as the requirements for the use of lead-safe practices in renovation, remodeling, and painting activities in millions of older homes.[3,4]

On a broader scale, EPA is looking comprehensively across statutes to determine the best tools to apply to specific problems. For example, the Agency is exploring how to use FIFRA and TSCA to ensure that drinking water is protected from pesticides and industrial chemicals, and that chemicals found in drinking water are being screened for endocrine disrupting properties using the authorities of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) (including issuance of test orders), the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA), and FIFRA.

In addition, EPA is continuing its work to increase the safety of chemicals and prevent pollution on an international scale. This is being accomplished primarily through cooperative engagement with international bodies such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) on scientific and technical issues. The key focus areas include harmonization of chemical test guidelines, regulatory coordination, negotiation, and implementation of global/regional standards, and instruments and assistance on pollution prevention activities. EPA is working collaboratively with stakeholders both domestically and internationally to develop approaches to better assess nanomaterials[5], including work with the OECD on internationally harmonized test guidelines.

Over the next 4 years, EPA will manage a comprehensive pesticide risk reduction program through science-based registration and reevaluation processes, a worker safety program, certification and training activities, and support for integrated pest management.

EPA’s current pesticide review processes focus on ensuring that pesticide registrations comply with the Endangered Species Act and achieve broader Agency objectives for water quality protection. The review processes will continue to place emphasis on the protection of potentially sensitive populations, such as children, by reducing exposures from pesticides used in and around homes, schools, and other public areas.

EPA’s new data requirement rule for antimicrobial pesticides will ensure that pesticide risk management decisions are based on the best available science and will contribute to a more efficient and transparent registration process through increased certainty about the data requirements. EPA’s review processes ensure that pesticides can be used safely and are available for use to maintain a safe and affordable food supply, to address public health outbreaks, and to minimize property damage that can occur from insects and pests.[6]

EPA has reviewed its agricultural worker protection regulation and its pesticide applicator certification regulation and will publish for public comment proposed changes to both. The proposed rulemakings are designed to ensure improved pesticide worker safety standards and pesticide applicator competency standards in the coming years.

EPA is implementing a comprehensive testing program to screen for chemicals’ potential to interact with the endocrine system.[7] In response to a recently concluded program evaluation, EPA has developed a comprehensive management plan for the endocrine disruptor screening program, providing a clear workplan, projected milestones, and vision for developing a more efficient and effective screening and testing program through the application of computational toxicology methods. Use of these methods may have the added benefit of helping to reduce the need for animal testing when conducting chemical screening and risk assessment.

To ensure the continued effectiveness of the various chemical programs, EPA will conduct several evaluations over the next 4 years. In FY 2014, EPA will initiate a review of critical factors that have an impact on the effectiveness of the Agency’s risk assessment efforts for TSCA work plan chemicals. In FY 2015, the Agency will evaluate the effectiveness of recently implemented efficiencies to the registration review process to identify further enhancements and efficiencies to the process. EPA will also conduct biennial reviews in 2015 and 2017 to determine whether the level of fees charged to the submitters of New Chemical Pre-Manufacture Notices and to the applicants for certification to perform lead renovation, repair, and painting work and lead abatement work are appropriate.

External Factors and Emerging Issues

As we look to the future, it is important to continue working together with Congress and stakeholders to modernize and strengthen the tools available under TSCA to prevent harmful chemicals from entering the marketplace and to increase confidence that those chemicals that remain are safe and do not endanger the environment or human health, especially for consumers, workers, and sensitive subpopulations like children. Potential legislative action to reauthorize TSCA is both a key external factor and a key emerging issue. Consistent with the Administration’s essential principles, EPA’s authority under TSCA should be modernized and strengthened to increase confidence that chemicals used in commerce are safe and do not endanger public health and welfare. EPA is committed to working with the Congress, members of the public, the environmental community, and industry to reauthorize TSCA.

On April 30, 2013, the National Academy of Sciences’ National Research Council (NRC) released its recommendations for assessing risks from pesticides to listed species under the Endangered Species Act and FIFRA. The Environmental Protection Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and National Marine Fisheries Service are working collaboratively and expeditiously to review the report and identify improvements in the current scientific procedures used in evaluating the potential impacts of pesticides to endangered and threatened species. On November 13, 2013, the federal agencies released a white paper detailing an interim approach for implementing the panel’s recommendations.[8] We currently anticipate that implementation of the recommendations could take 18-36 months, which could have an impact on our progress in developing preliminary risk assessments and completing decisions for pesticides as part of the registration review program.

Finally, a number of chemical safety programs are affected by changing levels of economic activity. For example, EPA’s work in certifying firms to perform lead renovation, repair, and painting work depends partly on fluctuations in the level of demand for such services, which are related in turn to economic conditions in the housing market.

Endnotes:

EPA chemical safety program information is available at http://www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/, http://www.epa.gov/oppt/newchems/, and http://www.epa.gov/oppt/nano/.
FY 2014-2015 Agency Priority Goal: Assess and reduce risks posed by chemicals and promote the use of safer chemicals in commerce. By September 30, 2015, EPA will have completed more than 250 assessments of pesticides and other commercially available chemicals to evaluate risks they may pose to human health and the environment, including the potential for some of these chemicals to disrupt endocrine systems. These assessments are essential in determining whether products containing these chemicals can be used safely for commercial, agricultural, and/or industrial uses.
Information about childhood lead poisoning is available at www.epa.gov/lead.
EPA Lead-Safe Certification Program, information available at http://www.epa.gov/lead/pubs/toolkits.htm.
Nanomaterials are chemical substances or materials manufactured and used at a very small scale—down to 10,000 times smaller than a human hair. See also, www.nano.gov.
EPA pesticides program information is available at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides.
Information about the EPA endocrine disruptor screening program is available at http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/oscpendo/index.htm.
The white paper is available at http://www.epa.gov/espp/2013/interagency.pdf.

Learn More

FY 16-17 Priority Goal: Assess and reduce risks posed by chemicals and promote the use of safer chemicals in commerce.

Statement:

By September 30, 2017, the EPA will complete more than 3,400 assessments of pesticides and other commercially available chemicals to evaluate risks they may pose to human health and the environment. These assessments are essential in determining whether products containing these chemicals can be used safely for commercial, agricultural, and/or industrial uses. For example, assessments can help determine the potential for chemicals to disrupt endocrine systems or to pose risks to honey bees and other pollinators by outdoor use of pesticides.

Description:

Improving chemical safety is one of the most critical aspects of EPA’s work to protect human health and the environment and advance a sustainable future. Three statutes provide EPA the authority to regulate chemicals: The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act (FFDCA) govern the regulation of pesticides and the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) governs regulation of other commercial chemicals. This APG addresses a key component of EPA’s chemical strategy – using all available information to assess whether chemicals entering or already being used in commerce pose risks to human health and the environment. EPA’s work on this critical issue is organized into three components:

• Assessing pesticides safety and effectiveness in determining whether to register and re-evaluate them for commercial use. Pesticides distributed and sold in the United States must generally be registered by EPA, based on scientific data showing that they will not cause unreasonable risks to human health, workers, or the environment when used as directed on product labeling. The registration and registration review programs ensure that chemicals coming to and now available on the market meet current safety standards and, as the ability to assess risk evolves and as policies and practices change, all registered pesticides continue to meet the statutory standard of no unreasonable adverse effects, that is, continue to be safe when used according to the label. Although changes in science, public policy, and pesticide use practices will occur over time, such changes could impact EPA’s ability to make determinations in a timely manner.

Through the registration review program, the Agency periodically reevaluates (at least every fifteen years) pesticides to make sure that as change occurs, products in the marketplace can still be used safely. The Office of Pesticide Programs is continuously challenged to improve its processes, science, and information management while maintaining a collaborative and open process for decision-making to ensure safety to human health and the environment. Please refer to section 4 for a more detailed discussion of the challenges presented by implementing the Endangered Species Act (ESA), Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP) and White House Pollinator Health Strategy concerns. While challenging, implementing solutions to these issues will improve the Agency’s processes and allow for an open public venue for determining that products coming to market as well as those currently in the marketplace can be used safely.

• Assessing the safety of commercial chemicals, using the authorities of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).

o TSCA Work Plan Assessments: As part of EPA’s chemical safety program, EPA has identified a work plan of chemicals for assessment. Originally released in March 2012, and updated in October 2014, EPA’s TSCA Work Plan helps focus and direct the activities of its Existing Chemicals Program. The Agency committed to assess the chemicals in every-day, wide spread use to which our people, our communities and our environment may be exposed, starting with those on the Work Plan. The findings of these assessments guide decisions on whether risk reduction actions are needed to address risks to human health or the environment from exposure to particular chemical uses or groups of chemicals. More information about the TSCA Work Plan is available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/existingchemicals/pubs/workplans.html.

o TSCA Section 5 (New Chemicals) Notice Assessments: In FY 2016 and FY 2017, the EPA will continue to fulfill its mandate under TSCA Section 5 to manage the potential risk to human health and the environment from chemicals to be introduced into the marketplace. Functioning as a “gatekeeper,” the EPA can identify conditions, up to and including a ban on production, to be placed on the use of a new chemical before it is entered into commerce. Anyone who plans to manufacture (including import) a new chemical substance for a non-exempt commercial purpose is required by section 5 of TSCA to provide EPA with notice before initiating the activity. This premanufacture notice, or PMN, can include information such as specific chemical identity, use, anticipated production volume, exposure and release information and existing available test data. Each year, the EPA receives approximately 1,000 new chemical notices under section 5, and must review and assess each PMN within 90 days of receipt. More information about the TSCA New Chemicals Program is available at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/newchems/index.htm.

• Assessing whether chemicals have the potential to disrupt endocrine systems. Congress directed the agency to develop the Endocrine Disruptors Screening Program (EDSP) in accordance with the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996. The agency is employing high-throughput and computational methods to evaluate endocrine activity to screen over 10,000 chemicals for potential endocrine activity using validated test methods. The program involves requiring registrants to generate screening data for chemicals suspected of having effects on the endocrine system. In setting up the EDSP, it took several years to determine the appropriate tests, establish protocols, issue tests orders requiring these data, develop the data and review the data. To date, about 50 pesticides have been tested and reviewed. When a chemical is determined to be an endocrine disruptor, it will be incorporated into risk assessments and considered in the risk management decision for the chemical.

Learn More

Promote Pollution Prevention

Statement:

Conserve and protect natural resources by promoting pollution prevention and the adoption of other sustainability practices by companies, communities, governmental organizations, and individuals.

Description:

Fostering the development of P2 innovations:

Promoting green chemistry and green engineering, and developing educational curricula;
Establishing technical criteria for chemical alternatives assessments;
Participating in the development of voluntary consensus standards and other safer chemical products criteria, including participating in international cooperative efforts;
Establishing greener purchasing and management practices (i.e., environmentally preferable purchasing); and,
Incorporating P2 solutions in regulatory options or requirements.

Promoting increased use of P2 innovations:

Providing and promoting technical assistance, such as establishing Economy, Energy, and Environment (E3) Partnerships (in conjunction with the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Energy, and Labor, and the Small Business Administration) or providing technical assistance on manufacturing, green sports, or other business sectors;
Demonstrating the benefits of P2 solutions;
Labeling safer products by working with key stakeholders through the Design for the Environment (DfE) program;
Leveraging the power of federal purchasing; and,
Coordinating with other P2 offices across the Agency with shared audiences or sustainability approaches, including ENERGY STAR, WaterSense, the sustainable materials management program, and other complementary programs between Goal 3 and Goal 4.

External Factors and Emerging Issues

Endnotes: